Dismantling a KLS Lithium-ion battery protection board reveals the secrets of component usage.
As we all know, Lithium battery protection board is mainly composed of electronic circuits, Which can accurately see the voltage of the battery cells and the current of the charging and discharging circuits at any time under the environment of -40℃ to 85℃, And control the on-off of the current circuits in time. Lithium battery protection board has overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, reverse connection protection four functions, Mainly to protect the use of lithium battery safety. It can be said that lithium battery protection board is an indispensable part of the battery pack!
Now disassembled is the KLS 16S 80A BMS.KLS was created in 2014, The main low-voltage lithium battery BMS products, Mainly in the application of less than 28 series. So far, KLS lithium-ion/Life-po4/NMC battery BMS has been recognized by domestic and foreign customers. Through the disassembly of the BMS board, To understand the use of components, And at the same time together to explore the core technology of KLS.
KLS BMS board special cable (left) and lithium battery protection board (right)
See the overall appearance of the front and sides of the lithium battery protection plate.
1.KLS protection board front
This lithium battery protection board supports lithium ternary, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate batteries 7-16 series use, with remote control, communication and Bluetooth function.
Specification: KLS-LB-16S-80A(Peak 150A)
Specification: KLS-LB-16S-80A(Peak 150A)
2.The reverse side of the KLS protective plate
The reverse side is labeled “Test Passed”.
The whole disassembly process of this lithium battery protection board is very simple. Simply use a screwdriver to unscrew the small screws on the edges of the corners of the front and back sides in turn, so that the two pieces of aluminum plywood are separated from the middle PCB board.
3.Here's what it looks like after all the disassembly has been completed with the two aluminum plywood boards separated from the PCB board in the middle.
4.Here are the front and back sides of the PCB board after disassembling the lithium battery protection board.
Next, look primarily at the core components used on the PCB and their characteristics.
1.Component 1(Model No.: MM32L073)
The main control chip of this Li-ion battery protection board is MM32L073 product of Spirit Microelectronics. It uses a high-performance ARM® CortexTM-M0 as the core of the 32-bit microcontroller, the maximum operating frequency of up to 48MHz, built-in high-speed memory, a wealth of enhanced I/O ports and peripherals connected to the external bus. MM32L073 products include a 12-bit ADC, two comparators, a 16-bit general-purpose timer, a 32-bit general-purpose timer. 3 16-bit basic timers, a 16-bit advanced timer, and also includes a standard communication interface, The MM32L073 includes a 12-bit ADC, two comparators, a 16-bit general-purpose timer, a 32-bit general-purpose timer, three 16-bit basic timers, and a 16-bit advanced timer, as well as standard communication interfaces: an I2C interface, two SPI interfaces, a USB interface, a CAN interface, and two UART interfaces.
The operating voltage of this product family is 2.0V ∼ 5.5V, and the operating temperature range includes -40◦C ∼ +85◦C for the regular type and -40◦C ∼ +105◦C for the extended type.
Applications:
- Motor drives and application control
- Medical and handheld devices
- PC gaming peripherals and GPS platforms
- Industrial applications: programmable logic controllers (PLCs), inverters, printers, and scanners
- Alarm systems, video intercom and HVAC systems, etc.
2.Component 2( Model: SH367309)
SH367309 is a digital front-end chip for Li-ion battery BMS, with built-in VADC for collecting cell voltage, temperature and current; built-in CADC for collecting current and counting the remaining capacity of the pack; built-in EEPROM for storing adjustable parameters such as protection thresholds and time delay; and built-in TWI communication interface for operating related registers and EEPROM.
SH367309 works in protection mode to protect Li-ion battery Pack independently; in acquisition mode, it can cooperate with MCU to manage Li-ion battery Pack and enable all protection functions at the same time; it is suitable for Li-ion battery Pack with total voltage not exceeding 70V.
Features:
- Hardware protection function
- Built-in balance switch
- Prohibit low voltage cell charging function
- Small current detection function
- Supports chaotic power up and down
- Built-in watchdog module
- Mode Design
- 13-bit VADC for voltage/temperature/current acquisition
- 16-bit Ʃ- ∆CADC for current acquisition
- Built-in EEPROM
- Regulated power supply
- MOSFET driver: NMOS driver on the negative side of the battery pack
- CTL pin: Priority control of charge/discharge MOSFET shutdown
- TWI communication interface: CRC8 checksum support
- Low power consumption design
- TQFP48 package
3.Component 3 (Model: CRSS042N10N)
This 100V N-MOSFET device is from CR Micro. A total of 16 identical N-MOSFET devices are used on the front and back sides of this protection board.
Features:
- Uses CRM (CQ) and advanced SkyMOS1 technology
- Very low on-resistance RDS(on)
- Excellent QgxRDS(on) product (FOM)
- Qualified according to JEDEC standards
Applications:
- Motor control and drive
- Battery Management
- UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
Other product information is available:
4.Component 4 (Model: SVT10111ND)
SVT10111ND N-Channel Enhanced Power MOS Field Effect Transistors are manufactured using Silan LVMOS process technology. This product can be widely used in power management of uninterruptible power supply and inverter systems.
Features:
- 14A, 100V, RDS(on)(typical)=85mΩ@VGS=10V
- Low gate charge
- Low reverse transfer capacitance
- Fast switching speed
- Improved dv/dt capability
5.Component 5 (Model: CT357B1)
Mega Taiwan CT357B1 series general purpose optocoupler consists of a phototransistor. The phototransistor is optically coupled to a Gallium Arsenide infrared emitting diode in a 4-lead miniature flat package, making it a DC input 4-lead miniature flat panel phototransistor optocoupler.
Features:
- High isolation 3750 VRMS
- Multiple CTRs selectable
- DC input with transistor output
- Creepage distance ≥ 5 mm
- Operating temperature range -55°C to 110°C
- Green Packaging
- Regulatory Approvals
Applications: DC-DC converters, programmable controllers, telecom equipment, hybrid substrates requiring high density mounting
Specific product information is available:
Semiconductor device applications network summary
Through the use of components seen after disassembly, we learned that the lithium battery protection board main control chip used in the Spirit Microelectronics high-performance ARM ® CortexTM-M0 as the core of the 32-bit microcontroller, with a wealth of peripheral
configurations and functional attributes, both intelligent, safe and stable performance; at the same time, the use of Zhongying Electronics 5-16 strings of lithium batteries BMS front-end chip, to provide over charging protection, over-discharge protection, temperature protection, charging and discharging over-current protection, short-circuit protection, secondary over-charging protection, etc., and its integrated balancing switch also improves the consistency of the battery cells.
In terms of low power consumption, both core devices meet the requirements of multiple power-saving operating modes to ensure low-power applications, so that the lithium battery protection board can directly enter the low-power mode when there is no current. The combination of the two, in order to ensure the performance and functionality of the lithium battery protection board at the same time, more conducive to battery safety management.
In addition, Silan Micro 14A, 100V N-channel enhancement field effect tube using advanced technology and cell structure, making the product has a low on-resistance, superior switching performance and high avalanche breakdown resistance. Also equipped with 16 CR Micro's N-MOSFET devices, this Li-ion battery protection board has lower on-resistance and better MOS tube driving and battery management capabilities.
Overall, in addition to the basic protection functions, the lithium battery protection board also has intelligent fault detection, Bluetooth wireless transmission, relay and MOS tube hybrid drive and low-power consumption features, which can escort the battery safety. In addition, the lithium battery protection board can sustain 80A, peak up to 150A, support the use of reduced series (7-16 series), for low-speed vehicles, low-voltage energy storage, electric motorcycles, electric two or three-wheeled vehicles, golf carts and other lithium batteries in the field is very suitable.